The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak a global public health emergency in August 2022. 1 This classification was a significant step, as it signaled a heightened level of concern and mobilized international efforts to contain the spread of the virus.
Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans, and it has symptoms similar to smallpox, though generally less severe. The disease is caused by the mpox virus, part of the orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the smallpox virus. Symptoms typically include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, and the disease can lead to complications in some cases.
The declaration of mpox as a global public health emergency is due to the unusual spread of the disease in countries where it is not typically found. Previously, mpox was mostly confined to certain parts of Central and West Africa. However, recent outbreaks have been reported in non-endemic countries across Europe, North America, and other regions, which has raised concerns about its potential to become a global threat.
The WHO’s declaration calls for a coordinated international response to prevent the virus from spreading further and to protect vulnerable populations. This includes enhancing surveillance, increasing public awareness, ensuring the availability of vaccines and treatments, and supporting research to better understand the virus and how it spreads.
The declaration could lead to increased funding and resources for countries to control the outbreak. It also encourages countries to work together to implement public health measures such as vaccination campaigns, travel restrictions, and public health messaging to reduce the spread of the virus.
The WHO has urged countries to strengthen their public health infrastructure to detect and respond to mpox cases quickly. They recommend educating the public about the disease, particularly in areas where it is not commonly seen, and taking steps to prevent transmission, including isolating confirmed cases and tracing contacts.
The WHO’s decision to declare mpox a global public health emergency underscores the urgent need for a coordinated global effort to control the spread of the virus. This move highlights the importance of vigilance, preparedness, and international cooperation in addressing emerging health threats.
